Safety

• Risk of Vertebrobasilar Stroke and Chiropractic Care: Results of a Population-Based Case-Control and Case-Crossover Study. Cassidy JD, Boyle E, Côté P, He Y, Hogg-Johnson S, Silver FL, Bondy SJ. Spine . 2008 Feb 15;33(4 Suppl):S176-83.
• Aker PD, Gross AR, Conservative Management of Mechanical Neck Pain: A Systematic Overview and Meta Analysis, et al. The British Medical Journal, 313: 1291-96, 1996.
• Chiropractic in the United States: Training, Practice and Research, U.S. Department of Health and HumanServices, AHCPR Research Report, Dec.1997.
• Chiropractic Services Review, An Internal Review, Wells et al. Commissioned by the Ontario Ministry of Health, 1994.
• Dabbs V, Lauretti WJ, A Risk Assessment of Cervical Manipulation V. NSAIDs for the Treatment of Neck Pain, Journal of Manipulative and Physiological Therapeutics, 18:530-36, 1995.
• Hasselberg PD, Chiropractic in New Zealand, Report of the Commission of Inquiry, Government Printer, Wellington, 1979.
• Haneline MT, Croft AC, Frishberg BM, Association of internal carotid artery dissection and chiropractic manipulation, Spine Research Institute of San Diego, University of California at San Diego School of Medicine, San Diego, California, USA. January 2003.
• Legitimization for Vissa Kiropraktorer, Commission on Alternative Medicine, SOU, 1987.
• Manga P, Angus D, Papadopoulos C, Swan W., The Effectiveness and Cost-Effectiveness of Chiropractic Management of Low-Back Pain, Commissioned by the OCA. Funded by the Ontario Ministry of Health, 1993.
• Okawara S, Nibbelink D, Vertebral Artery Occlusion Following Hyperextension and Rotation of the Head, Stroke, 5:640-42, 1974.
• Rome PL, Perspectives: An Overview of Comparative Considerations of Cerebrovascular Accidents, Chiropractic Journal of Australia, Vol. 29, No. 3, September 1999.
• Sherman DG, Hart RG, Easton JD, Abrupt Change in Head Position and Cerebral Infarction, Stroke, 12:2-6, 1981.
• Spitzer WO, Redefining Whiplash and Its Management: Scientific monograph of the Quebec task force on whiplash-associated disorders, Skovron ML et al. Spine, 20:85, 1995.
• Thompson CJ, Medicare Benefits Review Committee, Commonwealth Government Printer, Australia, 1986
• Weintraub MI, Beauty Parlour Stroke Syndrome: Report of Five Cases, Journal of the American Medical Association, 269:2085-86, 1993.
• Zuber M, Mos JI, Carotid Artery Dissection Due to Elongated Styloid Process, Neurology, November 1999.
• Haldeman S, Carey P, Townsend M, Papadopoulos C. Clinical perceptions of the risk of vertebral artery dissection after cervical manipulation the effect of referral bias. Department of Neurology, University of California, 101 City Drive, 92868, Orange, CA, USA. 2002 Sep-Oct;2(5):334-42
• Haldeman S, Carey P, Townsend M, Papadopoulos, C, Arterial dissections following cervical manipulation: the chiropractic experience, Canadian Medical Association Journal, Vol 165, No 7, 905-906, 2001.
• Haldeman S, Kohlbeck, FJ, McGregor M, Risk Factors and Precipitating Neck Movements Causing Vertebrobasilar Artery Dissection After Cervical Trauma and Spinal Manipulation, Spine, 24(8); 785-794, 1999.
• Homocysteine Levels and CVAs: Cause? Indicator of Risk?The Foundation for Chiropractic Education and Research (FCER), March 11, 2004
• Hurwitz EL, Morgenstern H, Vassilaki M, Chiang LM. Adverse reactions to chiropractic treatment and their effects on satisfaction and clinical outcomes among patients enrolled in the UCLA Neck Pain Study. J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 2004 Jan;27(1):16-25.
• Hurwitz EL, Aker PD, Adams AH, Meeker WC, Shekelle PG, The Appropriateness of Manipulation and Mobilization of the Cervical Spine: A Systematic Review of Literature, Spine, 21(15); 1753-1755, 1996.
• Kapral MK, Bondy SJ, Cervical manipulation and risk of stroke, Canadian Medical Association Journal, Vol 165, No 7, 907-908, 2001.
• Michel Beaudry, J. David Spence, Motor Vehicle Accidents: the Most Common Cause of Traumatic Vertebrobasilar Ischemia, The Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences, Volume 30, No. 4-November 2003.
• Michael D. Hill,Cervical Artery Dissection, Imaging, Trauma and Causal Inference, The Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences, Volume 30, No. 4-November 2003.
• Peterson C, Bolton J, Wood AR, Humphreys BK. A cross-sectional study correlating degeneration of the cervical spine with disability and pain in United kingdom patients. Canadian Memorial Chiropractic College, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
• Rothwell DM, Bondy SJ, Williams JI, Chiropractic Manipulation and Stroke: A Population-Based Case-Control Study, Stroke, May 2001.
• Rothwell, DM, Bondy SJ, Williams JI, Chiropractic Manipulation and Stroke: A Population-Based Case-Control Study, Stroke, May 2001.
• Zuber, M. Meder JF, Mos JI, Carotid Artery Dissection due to Elongated Styloid Process, Neurology, Nov. 1999.
• Eastman JD, Sherman DG, Cervical Manipulation and Stroke, Stroke, 8:594-97, 1977.
• Okawara S, Nibbelink D, Vertebral Artery Occlusion Following Hyperextension and Rotation of the Head,, Stroke, 5:640-42, 1974.
• Sherman DG, Hart RG, Easton JD, Abrupt Change in Head Position and Cerebral Infarction, Stroke, 12:2-6, 1981.
• Weintraub MI, Beauty Parlour Stroke Syndrome: Report of Five Cases, Journal of the American Medical Association, 269:2085-86, 1993.
• Dabbs V, Lauretti WJ, A Risk Assessment of Cervical Manipulation V. NSAIDs for the Treatment of Neck Pain, Journal of Manipulative and Physiological Therapeutics, 18:530-36, 1995.
• Dabbs V, Lauretti WJ, A Risk Assessment of Cervical Manipulation V. NSAIDs for the Treatment of Neck Pain, Journal of Manipulative and Physiological Therapeutics, 18:530-36, 1995.